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Fu Mountain in Zongyang County is a famous historical mountain in Anhui. It doesn't have a high altitude or large areas, yet the humble mountain still amazes the world.
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Fu Mountain is a magical ancient volcano dormant for hundred million years. This volcanic rock basin is located in the lower Yangtze River volcanic rock zone named in geology, among ancient land Huaiyang, ancient land of Zhangbaling and ancient land of Jiangnan. It erupted for several times during the 40 million years between late Jurassic Age to early Cretaceous Age about 140 million years to 100 million years ago; during the time there was a lave erosion which forms the current volcanic landform—precipices, peaks, caves, chapped marks, column-shaped form, eruption holes, etc. Its geological structure is one of the most typical areas with Mesozoic trachyte in China, and it is a rare "natural volcanic geological park". |
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Most of the peaks of Fu Mountain have an altitude around 100m, the grotesque peaks towers from the basin, cliffs thrust themselves towards the sky, caves hid amid the hills, pools lie on the top of the mountain. After the eruption of Fu volcano, 36 cliffs and 72 caves were formed by the impact and erosion of ancient lakes. The sculpture of natural forces over 100 million years forms the magnificent geographic wonder with peaks, cliffs, caves, rocks, stalactites, streams and valley all over the mountainous area.
"Mountain rises above the lake, and lake lies on top of the mountain." The dynamic ancient volcano now peacefully lies among the beautiful landscape and the geographic wonder has changed into biologic scenery, the harmonious environment with mountains and lakes stand out. Azalea, peach flower, sakura, lycorisis and camellia compose a delightful view; bluebird, crane, red-beaked magpie, shrike and kingfishers keep singing day and night. Baidang Lake at the foot of the mountain was named for its translucent water and ripples. It connects Yangtze River, helping alleviate flood during the rainy season and flow the water back to the river in the dry season, which nurtures the local residents. Natural scenery such as "Night Rain in Zongchuan", "White clouds and bluebirds", "Two streams reflecting the moon" adds spirits to the ancient volcano that has been dormant for over 100 million years.
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"When did the divine axis crack strike open the rock chamber? Visitors would obtain golden voice here. The mountain is believed to be the dwelling of the immortal. No envy for the prosperous outside world, or the name will be in vain." Meng Jiao, poet in the Tang Dynasty depicted Fu Mountain in this way. Numerous celebrities and scholars have visited the place through centuries: Bai Juyi, Fan Zhongyan, Wang Anshi, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian all visited here. Meanwhile, renowned scholar He Ruchong in the Ming Dynasty, founding master Fang Bao of the "Tongcheng School", scholars like Liu Dakui, Yao Nai were all born here. The poetry singing together with literature teaching and reading became special scenery of Fu Mountain. There left 483 cliff carving in the mountain, dated back from the Tang and Song Dynasties to Republic of China, which feature with various themes and styles of calligraphy, including poetry, visiting essay, remarks on temples and signatures. The big ones are about one square meter while the small ones are less than 3 cm2, the strokes on which are either powerful and bold, or slim, cautious and delicate. "Step ahead" is located in front of Dripping Cave, pointing directions in a fun way; "Lesson form Chess" explains Buddhism philosophy through chess playing; "Pillow rock" is based on A New Account of Tales of the World, indicating famous hermits. Philosophical cliff carvings like these reflect the wisdom of our ancestors. Apart from the carving, there are also relics of temples, passages, stages, etc. It's not hard to imagine the vigorous scene of Fu Mountain with crowded visitors and literary treasures. |
